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Massie Introduces Bill to Get US Out of NATO, By Paul Dragu
The New American

Representative Thomas Massie (R-Ky.) doesn’t trust the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). On Tuesday he introduced a bill to get the United States out of NATO. And although it has a steep and slippery cliff to ascend, the bill provides hope for an idea whose time will, hopefully — maybe — eventually come.

Massie’s NATO Act is a companion bill to Senator Mike Lee’s (R-Utah) NATO Act introduced in June. Both bills also share the title “Not A Trusted Organization Act.”

The latter title is especially fitting. In the text of his bill, Massie explains why. “Shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, United States Secretary of State James Baker made assurances to Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would not expand eastward,” the bill says. Yet “despite its waning relevance and prior assurance to the contrary, NATO began a profound eastward expansion in 1999, which, as of 2025, culminated in a land border with the Russian Federation that exceeds 1,500 miles and encircles the Baltic Sea.”

Massie continues:

Successive National Military Doctrines and National Security Strategies of the Russian Federation have framed the expansion of NATO as a pervasive threat to Russian security. In a speech before the Munich Security Conference in 2007, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin described NATO expansion as a “serious provocation” and referenced the assurances previously made by the United States. The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in 2022 demonstrates the Russian Federation’s willingness to employ military action in response to perceived security threats. NATO members have refused to rule out further expansion.

Broken Promise
Massie, who has a voting record that consistently aligns with the U.S. Constitution, a record rarely matched in its fealty since his entry into Congress more than a decade ago, makes a point about NATO expansion and Russia that has been slandered as “Russian propaganda.” This is not wholly unlike the “antisemitic” label lobbed at anyone with the audacity to question America’s foreign aide policy with Israel (all foreign aide should be eliminated), or disagreed with Israel’s indiscriminate carpet bombing of Gaza (any nation that kills tens of thousands of women and children deserves scrutiny).

Just because the Russians said it doesn’t make it false. We’ve made this very point in previous reports, as have many other trustworthy notable figures. The National Security Archive at George Washington University houses the declassified documents that prove the Russians were assured NATO would not encroach in their region of influence. Also, none other than the supreme authority on Russia containment, George Kennan, warned that NATO’s eastward expansion would trigger a violent reaction by the Russians.

Nevertheless, NATO’s promise to stay in Central and Western Europe has repeatedly been broken over the past three decades. And Massie, who has demonstrated the integrity and wisdom to consistently obey the Constitution, cites this as the first reason the United States needs to exit NATO: because it is untrustworthy.

Risky War

Another good reason why the United States should get out of NATO is because American participation “continues to risk U.S. involvement in foreign wars,” Massie points out.

To its credit, the Trump administration recently signaled that it, too, understands the Ukraine war could explode into a larger conflict. In its recently released National Security Strategy, the administration essentially says that its mediation efforts to end the war in Ukraine stem from the concern that European nations will eventually figure out a way to make matters worse. “Managing European relations with Russia will require significant U.S. diplomatic engagement, both to reestablish conditions of strategic stability across the Eurasian landmass, and to mitigate the risk of conflict between Russia and European states,” the document says.

It’s not bad enough that the West provoked an unstable, corrupt, and historically aggressive nation by going into its neighborhood. Now, under the cover of the irrational narrative that Russia will take over the rest of Europe after it spends the next 10 years trudging through the 80 percent of Ukraine it has yet to conquer, Europe is working on ways to keep the war going, and possibly, spread across the continent.

If Europe is successful, the war will expand. And it’s probable that it will draw in the United States. The United States, after all, is a NATO member, and the essence of that membership is collective defense. American men and women would likely once again be sent to die in war half a world away, as Massie warns.

Founders’ Policy

The very concept of NATO flies in the face of our Founding Fathers’ foreign-policy prescription. Massie acknowledged this in his bill, pointing out that “Our Constitution did not authorize permanent foreign entanglements, something our Founding Fathers explicitly warned us against.” One of those warnings came from President George Washington, who said in his farewell address:

Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice?

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.

Massie posed another good reason to exit NATO: “We should withdraw from NATO and use that money to defend our own country, not socialist countries.”

European Tyranny

European nations have been socialist for decades, and many of their governments have devolved into blatant tyrannies. In England, a woman was arrested for silently praying outside an abortion clinic. This is the same country that made nearly 10,000 arrests in 2024 for offensive social-media posts. The year before that, U.K. police made nearly 14,000 arrests for unapproved social-media posts. Perhaps they should have diverted some of that police power to actually stopping criminals.

During the height of Covid-19 mania, France implemented one of the strictest and most pervasive vaccine passport systems in the world. People couldn’t get a coffee, watch a movie, or even visit a loved one at a hospital without their “papers.” This is the same government that drove Marine Le Pen from politics out of fear that she would win and implement laws to stop the flow of Third World invaders into France. And this is the same country whose president is using the resources of the government to go after an American podcaster for calling his wife a man.

In Germany, where the chief saber rattler of Europe, Chancellor Friedrich Merz, resides, they’re working on ways to shut down the most popular political party, the Alternative for Germany (AfD), out of fear that they too would put an end to the deluge of third world migrants overwhelming their nation.

Also happening in Europe: The European Union recently fined Elon Musk’s X 120 million euros under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The DSA, implemented in 2023, was undoubtedly created to quash free speech on digital forums. Why? The same reason tyrants of yore crushed free speech: to stop people from criticizing their rulers.

Noninterventionism

So Massie makes a good point. What sense does it make for America, $38 trillion in debt, to subsidize Europe’s security? Why should Americans, who are fighting for their own country’s liberty and traditional values, protect a slew of nations that are becoming more tyrannical by the year? What sense does it make for Americans to protect a group of countries that are targeting American companies with outrageous fines for allowing free speech? These are not the actions of free societies, they are policies reminiscent of the Soviet Union. And what sense does it make to continue participating in an alliance that has no qualms with dragging our men and women to die on their continent?

We urge readers to connect with their representative and urge them to support this bill. If you’re not sure how to reach your representatives, you can use the link here.

This article was originally published on The New American.

Paul Dragu is a senior editor at The New American, award-winning reporter, host of The New American Daily, and writer of Defector: A True Story of Tyranny, Liberty and Purpose.

Copyright © The New American

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January 01, 2026
New Year’s resolution

Got up at 6 o’clock this morning and made it to the airport. Sitting here waiting for our plane to take off. trying to contemplate what my “New Year’s resolution” should be. Seems like the thing to do. 😂

First thing is I’m going to get a DSLR for streaming. I think I need a better camera. Not sure I need all the bells and whistles that other streamers have on the screen while live, but a sharper image with a nice depth of field would be value added.

In the new year, I would like to do more in-person interviews. The whole “systems are better than goals” is always in the back of my mind. So I need to figure out what the system would be… reach out to at least 2 people a week as a system would be good, and that should start rolling smoothly after a bit.

I am going to commit to daily posts with observations / thoughts on Locals. Law, politics, life. Like a diary of reflection and community interaction, above and beyond the daily live stream after party.

Today’s observation: Canada as I knew it is finished. ...

00:01:09
December 31, 2025
Almost there

Happy New Year’s to everyone!

00:00:25
December 31, 2025
LAST VLAWG OF 2025!

Enjoy! And let Shipwreckedcrew know what you think! lol

00:12:30
February 17, 2024
Appearance on Richard Syrette

I did a quick hit on Richard Syrette yesterday. Gotta keep Canadians apprised of the U.S. madness.

Appearance on Richard Syrette
The Barnes Brief, Podcast Format: Monday, July 17, 2023

Closing Argument: Birthright citizenship is deeply American, and wholly Constitutional.

The Barnes Brief, Podcast Format: Monday, July 17, 2023
Declaration of Independence

Audio podcast style.

Declaration of Independence
Brian Cole ordered detained until trial

Absolutely outrageous.

Judge orders autistic 30-year old suspected Jan. 6 Pipe Bomber detained until trial.

The final paragraph says all you need to know about "motivated reasoning".

Cole didn't rebut the presumption of detention (which means he did, but judge must therefore cover his butt judicially).

And even if Cole did rebut the presumption did, the judge would still have ordered detention until trial because the government asked for it.

This is an outrage and a stain on whatever was left of the fabric of justice.

https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.dcd.287327/gov.uscourts.dcd.287327.28.0.pdf

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Made it back!

We made it back. And I held off saying it so as not to jinx anything… This is the first time I ever went to Canada for the winter and did not immediately get a cold.

Came back to an amazing sunset.

I love this country, and this state!

On the airplane, watched the smashing machine. A movie about the life of Mike Kerr.

It was a great movie. The fight scenes were a little cliché/badly choreographed. The rock acting was absolutely stellar.

It’s the true story of one of the original gangsters of UFC. Absolutely worth the watch.

Back home. Spoiling Winston. Sipping a martini. Going to eat dinner and watch the running man with Ethan.

Happy new year again!

And very grateful for the relatively smooth safe travels.

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Viva daily thoughts 2: modern day Reichstag Fire

I just watched this video about someone’s experience as a Jan 6 defendant. Give it a watch if you have 14 minutes before reading on.

https://x.com/freestatewill/status/2006853257902305719?s=46

We lived through Jan 6 together as a Locals community. I remember streaming with Robert the day of. Fortunately for both of us, I was in Montreal, and he was not at the Capitol building. Had either or both of us been there documenting, we surely would have been among the people persecuted for what is clearly the modern-day “Reichstag fire”.

And speaking of Reichstag fire… A lot of of us use the term understanding the broader meaning, but not really appreciating the finer details. Kind of like when we use the analogy of Nero playing the fiddle while Rome burned.

The Reichstag fire was a false flag the Nazis invoked to implement emergency powers one month after Hitler was sworn in. it was used as a pretext to suspend civil liberties, and secure Hitler’s reign of power.

It was also blamed on a total patsie - ...

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The Barnes Brief: Week of December 19, 2025

I.   INTRODUCTION

A. Art of the Day

Christmas music, my favorite season thanks to my father, by wondrous choirs, which also was my father’s favorite form of Holiday cheer. This particular album from the Vienna Boys Choir.

B. Wisdom of the Day

“Ignore them, and you get Fuentes, but worse.” Carl Benjamin on young men in the west.

C. Cultural Recommendation

Greatest Christmas movie ever. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0097958/

D. Appearances

  • LIVE w/ Tom Woods
  • LIVE w/ Dr. Bowden & Brook Jackson

II.   THE EVIDENCE

 *Note: A reminder — links are NOT endorsements of the ideas contained therein. The Library is big, and it often consists of ideas I do not personally share, but whose ideas are worth further exploring.

A.  Daily News of Interest

  1. Erika Kirk announces support for Vance 2028. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/erika-kirk-endorses-jd-vance-for-president/ar-AA1SEd5F
  2. Left populism rebuild. https://www.liberalpatriot.com/p/the-future-of-the-left-in-the-21st-ef0
  3. Big MAHA wins on trans interventions. https://www.themahareport.com/p/breaking-kennedy-signs-medical-declaration
  4. Somali fraud. https://archive.is/lMATr
  5. Georgia comes clean on 2020, in part. https://thefederalist.com/2025/12/17/fulton-county-we-dont-dispute-315000-votes-lacking-poll-workers-signatures-were-counted-in-2020/

*Bonus: Kimchi heals. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/12/251216081945.htm

B. Daily Deep Dive: Zoomer Men Rebel

  1. Zoomer men missing relationships. https://isaiahmccall.substack.com/p/gen-z-men-have-given-up-on-dating
  2. Condemned for their gender. https://yougov.co.uk/society/articles/52863-young-men-masculinity-and-misogyny
  3. No good jobs. https://fortune.com/2025/08/25/gen-zers-neets-jobless-men-unemployed-higher-rates-women-healthcare-coding-ai/
  4. No home. https://fortune.com/2025/12/12/gen-z-giving-up-on-owning-home-spending-more-saving-less-working-less-risky-investments/
  5. Carl Benjamin explains.

*Bonus: Hollywood attacks young men. https://slate.com/culture/2024/11/entertainment-hollywood-masculinity-male-role-models-movies-tv-social-media.html

C. Cases of Consequence

  1. Brown University murder case. https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/crime/claudio-neves-valente-reddit-brown-shooting-b2887811.html
  2. Epstein Files release.
  3. Bongino retires. https://x.com/barnes_law/status/2001725595022160288?s=20
  4. Judge convicted. https://www.npr.org/2025/12/18/nx-s1-5648584/judge-hannah-dugan-guilty-obstruction-ice
  5. 1stA & immigration judges. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/opinion-immigration-judges-free-speech-trump.pdf
  6. Maryland reparations legislation. https://apnews.com/article/slavery-reparations-wes-moore-veto-maryland-9c134edbf0410228035743a8dc546171
  7. Luigi. https://courthousenews.com/luigi-mangione-faces-uphill-battle-after-marathon-evidence-hearing/
  8. 1A & new antisemitism laws. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/antisemitism-lawsuit.pdf
  9. Minnesota whistleblower suit: bogus child abuse grant scam. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/sharon-vs-harper-complaint.pdf
  10. Walmart sexual assault. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/walmart-could-have-foreseen-sexual-assault.pdf

*Bonus: Baby Shark suit. https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/892398f9-ac03-458a-8ba1-dce37861e63c/1/doc/24-313_opn.pdf#xml=https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/892398f9-ac03-458a-8ba1-dce37861e63c/1/hilite/

III.     Best of the Board: Trump Admin Grade

On the 1st year of the 2nd term of the Trump administration

  • UncleBugbite: I'm a young man with decades ahead of me to suffer under our bullshit kleptocracy. Sure, Kamala Harris isn't president right now. But Trump's absolute failure to address the structural problems is laying the groundwork for something much worse and better prepared than stupid Kamala Harris, with a desperate population willing to risk more extreme measures for any sort of relief. Trump's weakness is wasting the tiny opportunity we had to fix things, and frankly I'm terrified.
  • JoeKD: This Country was a FUCKING MESS. You just don't clean up a Mess like that in 9 months. Give the man some time. It'll get there. As far as Foreign Affairs goes, he needed to spend alot of time on that to get our Allies back in line.
  • TJefferson: Positives: Immigration/border; JD vance/RFK jr/Tulsi; Multiple pardons; A single month of DOGE. Negatives: Everything else
  • Iceni2103: what are we comparing it to? compared to the alternative, it is B+ to A range. Kamala or Biden 2 would have been an utter disaster. compared to the promises: D+? some good things (mostly border, hard changes to trade, and some executive reforms), but he is falling down way too much (hyping up 'peace deals' that don't last, warmongering Venezuela, dragging out Ukraine, unforced errors on staffing and by extension big issues like Epstein, DOGE/BBB, and MAHA, listening to neo-cons like he needs to please them, focus on donors not voters).
  • Bdmichael09: The only thing hes actually done that truly matters is stop the insane flow of mass migration. That is great, but he hasn't delivered really on anything else. Russia/Ukraine is still a shit show. He bends over and takes it up thr ass for Israel daily rather than put them in their place as the welfare recipients of the US that they are. This nonsense with Venezuela needs to stop, now. He hasn't handled any of the corruption in the bureaucratic state. His push to lower interest rates is a recipe for disaster. We need more restrictive monetary policy after the covid insanity, not easy money policy. Its going to take at least a decade to recover from those awful Congressional decisions in 2020 and 2021. He hasn't actually held the DEI bureaucracy to account in Universities. Many universities kept all of the DEI people but renamed the departments/roles and there has been 0 follow up on actually stomping that out.
  • Ktrimbach: I go back and forth between B- and C+. He’s still the best President of my life (starting with Nixon), but Oh so much less than he could be!

IV.    Closing Argument: The Constitution, Article 1, The Power of Impeachment

  • Aside from the power of the purse, the other principal power afforded the legislative branch is the power to remove executive officers, including the President and Judges, in the power of Impeachment.
  • As always, we start, first and foremost, with the text. Section 3 of Article 1 provides the House
    shall have the sole Power of impeachment” while ascribing to the Senate “the sole Power to try all Impeachments.” The Constitution requires “no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.” The constitution constricts the impact of impeachment to “not extend further than to removal from Office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States.” Further, “the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment according to Law” by authorities other than the legislative branch.
  • Of note, Article 1 otherwise remains mute on the issue of impeachment. The other Articles answer who can be impeached and the legal predicates for cause to issue such impeachments. Section 4 of Article 2 provides impeachment for the President, Vice President “and all civil Officers of the United States.” The cause permitted for their impeachment is limited to “treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” The power to impeach judges is only indirectly referenced, as section 1 of Article 3 provides judges can only hold their offices “during good behaviour.” The only other reference to cause for removal is the obligation for all judicial officers to be “bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution” in Article 6. The rules of impeachment permit “each house may determine the rules of its proceedings” in section 5 of Article 1. The “civil officers” subject to impeachment parallel the “principal officers” the Senate must be “advised” and “consented” to the appointment of under Article 2.
  • While executive officers can only be impeached for “treason, bribery or high crimes and misdemeanors”, judges can be impeached simply for not holding office during “good behaviour.” Some scholars argue the ‘good behaviour” phrase was just a limitation on at-will firing, and not an independent grounds for impeachment and removal, but early American practice and ancient English practice belies that construction. The contrast evidences that good behavior is a broader provision than treason, bribery or high crimes and misdemeanors. A judge can be impeached for non-criminal conduct. The phrase derives from the Latin – as long as they shall behave themselves well. The legacy of the phrase derives from old English practice dating to the 12th century, intended to protect against arbitrary removal or removal without any limits on discretion, comparable to the principle difference between “at will” employment and “for cause” limits on firing.
  • What constitutes such cause for judicial removal? Consider early American practice: merely being drink on the bench was sufficient for impeachment. The principal and paramount precedent of impeachment of judicial officers is the impeachment of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase in 1804. What grounds did the House recite: “arbitrary, oppressive and unjust” handling of a trial, including partisan prejudice especially, as reflected in the application of the law, exclusions of evidence, and inaccurate recitations of the law to grand juries. Two examples include the failure to remove biased jurors, excluding defense witnesses, and generally “tending to prostitute the high judicial character with which he was invested, to the low purpose of an electioneering partizan.”
  • Sound like any Judges you know? 
Read full Article
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The Barnes Brief: Week of December 12, 2025

I. INTRODUCTION

A.  Art of the Week

As the birds make their winter trip in synchronized form, they almost magically make the form of their species in live time in the air, captured in the moment by a photographer’s film, reminding us of the Creator’s noble design and winking at us in real time. 

B.  Recommendation of the Week

An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States by Charles Beard unmasked that many of the men at the Convention Hall in Philadelphia were not as enlightened and allied to the Founding generation as later history would tell the tale. https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/187702.An_Economic_Interpretation_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States

C.  Wisdom of the Week

Affording politicians “a universal, unbounded permission” to take another’s liberty or property in the name of the public fisc will “when the expenses of the nation, by their ambition are grown enormous” inescapably “oppress and subject” the citizenry.” William Symmes. 

D.  Appearances

  • Dr. Bowden
    placeholder

E.  Best of the Board

  1. Birthright citizenship. https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7341595/is-the-nationality-act-of-1940-the-proper-starting-point-for-analyzing-the-scope-of-subject-to-th
  2. Viva done w/ Candace. https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7516832/update-about-a-month-ago-i-asked-for-prayers-for-my-mom-since-we-were-going-to-get-an-update-on
  3. Curated content from @CCandent https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7516486/title
  4. Massie: let’s leave NATO. https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7516236/massie-introduces-bill-to-get-us-out-of-nato-by-paul-dragu-the-new-american-representative-thom
  5. Nice ruling in PA. https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7516323/robertbarnes-well-at-least-there-are-still-a-few-judges-in-pa-that-follow-the-constitution-good-r

*Bonus: Personal hope. https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7516832/update-about-a-month-ago-i-asked-for-prayers-for-my-mom-since-we-were-going-to-get-an-update-on

F.  Best Across the Internet

  • Disconnect from purpose.
    placeholder

II. THE EVIDENCE

A.   NEWS OF THE WEEK: The Library

  1. EU crosses Rubicon. https://x.com/PM_ViktorOrban/status/1999358779763183953?s=20
  2. Vaccines & chronic disease. https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/125
  3. Disney’s AI gamble. https://x.com/HedgieMarkets/status/1999170314580746623?s=20
  4. Lindell goes for Governor. https://x.com/realMikeLindell/status/1999191330829009327?s=20
  5. Honduran election dispute. https://x.com/SalvaPresidente/status/1998955182277722383?s=20

*Bonus: Foster kids helped. https://x.com/MAHA_Action/status/1999241337745670236?s=20

B.    DEEP DIVE: RUSSIA-US Reasons for Alliance

  1. Tucker: Russia-US natural allies. https://x.com/AFpost/status/1998968887724183834?s=20
  2. Russia: world’s richest resources. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-top-10-countries-by-value-of-all-their-natural-resources/
  3. Russia: world’s largest country. https://x.com/World_Insights1/status/1999029803458965765?s=20
  4. Russia: world’s largest nuclear arsenal. https://www.icanw.org/nuclear_arsenals
  5. Russia’s GDP replaced Europe. https://x.com/IslanderWORLD/status/1978510171589513504?s=20

*Bonus: Russia’s traditional culture. https://x.com/MyLordBebo/status/1998812811171082739?s=20

C.   HOMEWORK: Cases in Controversy

  1. SCOTUS: Trump authority over bureaucracy. https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/25-332_7lhn.pdf
  2. SCOTUS: campaign spending limits. https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-621_q86b.pdf
  3. SCOTUS: sentencing the disabled. https://www.supremecourt.gov/oral_arguments/argument_transcripts/2025/24-872_b07d.pdf
  4. SCOTUS: Covid immunity limits. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/25pdf/25-180_8m59.pdf
  5. SCOTUS: Bondi defends Whitmer Fednapping convictions. https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/25/25-5249/387036/20251210183835177_Croft_Opp_12.10.pdf
  6. Courts extend special protection to Maryland Man. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/paula-xinis-grants-abrego-garcia-tro-block-rearrest.pdf
  7. Share Ryan v. Crenshaw. https://x.com/ShawnRyan762/status/1999554231842349564?s=20
  8. Pipe Bomber Patsy. https://x.com/RepThomasMassie/status/1999541341466866022?s=20
  9. Big Tech contempt. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/epic-games-vs-apple-ninth-circuit-opinion.pdf
  10. Pentagon wins trans ban. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/dc-circuit-trans-soldier-ban-opinion.pdf
  11. Russia Euroclear Arbitration possibilities. https://share.google/FdKIPKgvLfEeJXsUz & https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/3645/belgium-luxembourg---russian-federation-bit-1989-
  12. Doctor liability for patient’s drugs. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/oregon-supreme-court-cyclist-doctor-liability.pdf

*Bonus: Ferrari Tennessee tax case up in flames. https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a69556804/whistlindiesel-tennessee-allegations-ferrari-tax-evasion/

**Bonus: Class Action AI in Healthcare. https://www.fisherphillips.com/en/news-insights/new-class-action-targets-healthcare-ai-recordings.html

***Bonus: What does AI own? https://www.commonplace.org/p/matthew-b-crawford-ownership-of-the

III.  CLOSING ARGUMENT: Masterclass -- The Constitution Article I, The Power of the Purse

  • The first power of the purse the Constitution affords the legislative branch of government in Article I is the power to pay themselves, as section 6 of Article 1 provides: “The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.” 
  • The second power of the purse is Article I's most controversial and most consequential: the power to tax and the power to borrow, or, colloquially, the power to “raise Revenue” in section 7. The mechanism for “raising revenue” shall be by legislation that “shall originate in the House” and then be concurred with by the Senate. The power finds explicit enumeration in Section 8: lay taxes; collect taxes; lay duties; collect duties; lay imposts; collect imposts; law excises; collect excises; pay debts; borrow money on credit of the US; coin Money; regulate the value of Money; regulate the value of foreign Coin; fix weights and measures; appropriate money to support Armies (capped at 2 years); provide and maintain a Navy; provide for arming the Militia; and the broad “necessary and proper” catchall in Section 8. The power of the purse finds further enumerated restrictions within Section 1 itself, though subsequent Constitutional provisions could further constrain and restrain the power of the Purse: section 8’s requirement that all “duties, imposts and excises” must be “uniform”; section 9’s prohibiting a tax on importation of people capped at $10 per person; prohibiting any tax that constitutes a bill of attainder or ex post facto law; no direct tax unless apportioned amongst the states; no tax on exports; no port-preferential tax; and no money spent that is not “in consequence of appropriations made by law”. 
  • The Sixteenth Amendment clarified one key aspect of the power of the Purse: enumerating Congress “power to tax” including the power to “law and collect taxes on incomes” regardless of “whatever source derived” without requiring apportionment. This removal-of-the-source rule was later interpreted to be a Congressional reversal by Constitutional Amendment of the Pollock decision of 1896, and enshrining the dissenting opinion as the authoritative interpretation of the power of the Purse in the court’s Brushaber decision by the dissenting Pollock Judge turned Brushaber Chief Judge White. White would treat any tax on income as an indirect tax, and decided that’s all that the 16th Amendment authorized, codifying his 1896 dissent into the Constitution in 1913.  White used the 1794 Carriage Tax Act to claim a direct tax was a tax on an object whereas an indirect tax was a tax on use, effectively affording a broad power to tax “incomes” as long as the subject of the tax was the gain severed from the source rather than a tax on existing or ownership.  The absent clarity from the court enabled Congress to evade ever defining income itself subject to tax since 1916. 
  • This power of the purse exceeded that intended by many in the founding generation, as the Articles of Confederation did not authorize such centralized, federalized power to begin with, and the anti-federalists proved prescient in their warning against the bond-holding elite that packed the text-writing segments of the Constitutional Convention, as well detailed in Charles Beard’s Economic History of the Constitution. https://cdn.mises.org/11_1_6_0.pdf#:~:text=The%20Antifederalists'%20fundamental%20and%20most%20enduring%20objection,in%20nearly%20all%20of%20the%20Antifederalist%20writings.
  • As one of that generation, known only as Federal Farmer, forewarned: “The only semblance of a check is the negative power of not re-electing them. This, sir, is but a feeble barrier, when their personal interest, their ambition and avarice, come to be put in contrast with the happiness of the people. All checks founded on anything but self-love, will not avail.” 
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The Barnes Brief

I.  Schedule

      A.  Interview on World Apart RT https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7495641/interview-w-rt

      B.  Interview w/ Michael Malice https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7495633/michael-malice-interview

      C.   Interview on Duran https://vivabarneslaw.locals.com/post/7477013/live-w-duran 

II. The Evidence

 

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